1. Understanding Poverty

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  • Dry Spells, Urban Swells : Analyzing the Drought-Induced Expansion of Cities in Sub-Saharan Africa (English)

    Droughts are increasingly cited as a driver of urbanization across Sub-Saharan Africa, yet little is known about the role they play in shaping the spatial expansion of cities. Combining satellite imagery...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11099 Document Date: April 10, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Rafael Van der Borght,Oscar Anil Ishizawa Escudero,Thuret,Jean,Joaquin Ignacio Munoz Diaz

  • Just Transition Risks in the Banking Sector (English)

    The transition to a net-zero economy presents significant social and economic challenges, particularly for industries and regions reliant on high-carbon activities, hence the need for a just transition...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11098 Document Date: April 9, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank

  • The Role of Market Frictions in Demand for Prepaid Electricity (English)

    Prepaid electricity contracts lower enforcement costs but may burden consumers, particularly when market frictions are present. This paper presents the results of a randomized control trial where 2,000...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11097 Document Date: April 9, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Megan Elizabeth Lang

  • Dualistic Nature of Employment in Somalia (English)

    Somalia’s labor market displays some unique traits for its level of income. Somalia has very low labor force participation, likely driven by the limited viability of agricultural and low non-agricultural...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 200322 Document Date: April 8, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank

  • Exposure to Climatic Shocks in Somalia (English)

    Somalia is highly exposed to climatic shocks. According to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (NG-GAIN) ranking, Somalia is the most vulnerable country in the world to climate change. Somalia...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 200323 Document Date: April 8, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank

  • Trends in Livestock Ownership Among the Nomadic Population in Somalia (English)

    In 2022, the nomadic population, comprising just over 10 percent of the Somali population, faced the highest levels of monetary, non-monetary, and extreme poverty, along with the greatest inequality. Nomadic...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 200321 Document Date: April 8, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank

  • Out of Harm’s Way: Adaptive Social Protection for Pandemics in South Asia (English)

    The COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant gaps in social protection systems, especially in South Asia, where financial constraints limited support for vulnerable populations. This paper emphasizes the...

    Document Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report No.: 200306 Document Date: April 7, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Javier Sanchez-Reaza,Tehreem Fatima

  • Disentangling the Key Economic Channels through Which Infrastructure Affects Jobs (English)

    This paper takes stock of the literature on infrastructure and jobs published since the early 2000s, using a conceptual framework to identify the key channels through which different types of infrastructure...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11096 Document Date: April 3, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Maria Vagliasindi,Nisan Gorgulu

  • Climate Policies are Path-Dependent : Implications for Policy Sequencing and Feasibility (English)

    Although the feasibility of introducing climate policies underpins global efforts to curb climate change, there has been limited analysis estimating the likelihood of introducing specific policies in different...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11094 Document Date: March 31, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Penelope Ann Mealy,Ganslmeier,Michael,Stephane Hallegatte

  • Adaptive Social Protection Agenda : Lessons from Responses to COVID-19 Shock (English)

    The paper examines the social protection response to the COVID-19 pandemic across 76 emerging and developing economies (EDEs) to identify lessons on how to make these systems more resilient against risks...

    Document Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report No.: 200229 Document Date: March 31, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Emil Daniel Tesliuc,Maria Belen Fontenez

  • Riding the Demographic Wave : Pensions and Retirement Income in an Aging World (English)

    This report examines the state of pension and social insurance systems globally, focusing on old-age income protection. It analyzes expenditure, coverage, adequacy of benefits, and sustainability of both...

    Document Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report No.: 200230 Document Date: March 31, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Gonzalo Reyes Hartley,Miglena Abels

  • Optimizing Labor Market Programs and Strengthening Delivery Systems for Impact and Scale (English)

    This paper examines the design and implementation of labor market (LM) programs to address employment challenges across diverse economic contexts. LM programs are critical in enhancing employment opportunities...

    Document Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report No.: 200227 Document Date: March 31, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Eliana Carranza,Matteo Morgandi,Diana Sverdlin

  • Climate Risk and Poverty in the Middle East and North Africa (English)

    The Middle East and North Africa faces significant climate challenges, such as increasing temperatures, heightened flood risks, frequent droughts, and growing air pollution issues. These challenges are...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11092 Document Date: March 25, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Balasubramanian,Chitra,Sandra Baquie,Alan Fuchs